Analyze the Problem

Why?

What?

How?

1. Systematize or analyze the causes by:
   
   • Redefining the problem: you need a clear idea of the problem so that it can be analyzed.
     Revisit the questions of problem description to make sure you are clear about:
     • What is the problem about?
       
     • How frequently does it occur?
       
     • When and where does it occur?
       
     • Whom is affected?

   • Brainstorming the possible causes

   • Grouping the causes together: the list of causes should be grouped by relationships or affinities, as a preparatory step to a graphic description. A causal table can be used in this step.

   • Graphically representing the causes using the Cause-Effect diagram (also known as Fish Bone diagram)

2. Select a few vital factors: Once you have analyzed the causes of a problem, select the most important factors that cause the problem as a basis for implementing the solutions. You can use:
   
   • a tally sheet, which permits you to observe how frequently different causes occur

   • pareto analysis, which allows you to focus on key factors

   • direct observation tools, such as a client flow analysis or focus group

   • a prioritization matrix to prioritize the important causes if you need a rapid response, or if direct observation is not possible

Now that you have analyzed the problem, you can move on to planning the solution.