Thinking Strategically And Preparing A Plan
Steps in the Planning Process
Stating the Mission
Analyzing the External Environment
How to ...
Find and use data to analyze the external environment
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Thinking Strategically And Preparing A Plan |
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Identifying and meeting the need and the demand |
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When you are developing your plan, you must first identify the need and the
demand for services, and then determine how you will meet the need and the
demand. This process consists of a number of steps:
In the following section, these steps will be described in detail and will be
followed by a full example from a private nonprofit family planning
organization in Ecuador. Most organizations can probably conduct the planning process on their own, but
all organizations would find it to their advantage to have the process
facilitated by someone outside of the organization who does not have a vested
interest in the outcome and can create an environment in which ideas and
opinions can be freely exchanged. The first step in preparing your plan is to state the mission of the
organization as it is currently defined. This is usually a general statement
of the type of organization, its purpose, and its values. A mission statement for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH))/Family Planning
Division of a Ministry of Health (MON) might look something like this: Example
A mission statement for a private nonprofit provider of family planning services might look something like this: Example
A mission statement for the training department of the MCH/Family Planning Division of an MOH might look something like this: Example
2. Analyzing the External EnvironmentThe next step is to analyze the external environment as it relates to your organization's mission, which is defined in the mission statement. An environmental analysis involves the study of four areas that may affect the performance of your organization's programs. When conducting an environmental analysis, you will probably consider factors such as those listed in Elements of an Environmental Analysis, choosing only the categories that are relevant to your particular program (and maybe adding others not listed). There are three main activities in an environmental analysis:
Tools and Techniques - Elements of an Environmental Analysis |
| Data | Use | Source |
| Demographic and health indicators | Determine population profile, that is: population size of area; size of target group(s); health status of target group(s); attitudes about health and preventative health measures. | Census data from Ministry of (Economic) Planning. When available, refer to: civil registration system; Demographic and Health Surveys; World Fertility Surveys (WFS); epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infertility, teenage pregnancies, abortion, breastfeeding practices. |
| Socio-economic information | Determine: source of income; income fluctuations; social and ethnic affiliations; religious affiliations; authority structure within the family and the community; means of communication and transportation; accessibility of regions, status of women. | Household surveys; socio-economic indicators from Ministry of Economic Affairs; sociological and anthropological studies; interviews and community surveys; geological maps; universities; and international organizations. |
| Family planning information | Determine: current knowledge and use of modern and traditional methods; method preference and problems; attitudes on family limitation and child spacing; indicators of expressed or latent need for family planning; attitudes of men, community leaders, and school authorities. | Contraceptive prevalence surveys; Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) surveys (check with the Ministry of Health, national family planning organizations); family planning services statistics; contraceptive distribution statistics from service facilities or from regional or central warehouses; operations research reports; epidemiological studies on breastfeeding practices and method side effects; statistics on STDs (including AIDS) and abortions; client interviews and observations; focus group research; annual reports from family planning organizations, project, or programs. |
| Existing plans in population and health sector | Determine goals and objectives of similar or related programs, organizations, projects. Ensure compatibility of program goals and objectives with broader development goals and objectives. | National five-year plan; Ministry of Health plan; population plan where available; regional health and population plans; local (district) plans; plans from private sector agencies working in the population field; related program and project plans; country strategies of donors; interviews with staff of major donors and family planning providers. |
| Policies and regulations | Determine obstacles to and opportunities provided by various service delivery strategies. | Ministry of Health regulations; population policy and regulations where available, such as those relating to paramedical personnel or to the importation of contraceptives. |
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