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Glossary


Thinking Strategically And Preparing A Plan
Steps in the Planning Process
Stating the Mission
Analyzing the External Environment
How to ...
Find and use data to analyze the external environment




Thinking Strategically And Preparing A Plan


Identifying and meeting the need and the demand

When you are developing your plan, you must first identify the need and the demand for services, and then determine how you will meet the need and the demand. This process consists of a number of steps:

Steps in the Planning Process

  1. Stating the missions, or purpose, of the organization
  2. Analyzing the external environment: culture, economy, and health; market; sources of funding and commodities; and background demographic information.
  3. Conducting the SWOT analysis; Assessing internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and external Opportunities and Threats.
  4. Establishing goals.
  5. Selecting strategies to reach your goals.
  6. Establishing objectives.
  7. Selecting activities for each objective and developing work plans.
  8. Preparing a financial plan in accordance with the chosen strategies.

In the following section, these steps will be described in detail and will be followed by a full example from a private nonprofit family planning organization in Ecuador.

Most organizations can probably conduct the planning process on their own, but all organizations would find it to their advantage to have the process facilitated by someone outside of the organization who does not have a vested interest in the outcome and can create an environment in which ideas and opinions can be freely exchanged.

1. Stating the Mission

The first step in preparing your plan is to state the mission of the organization as it is currently defined. This is usually a general statement of the type of organization, its purpose, and its values.

A mission statement for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH))/Family Planning Division of a Ministry of Health (MON) might look something like this:

Example

Mission statement: To improve the health and well-being of low-income families and individuals throughout the country through the provision of MCH and contraceptive education and services.

A mission statement for a private nonprofit provider of family planning services might look something like this:

Example

Mission statement: To increase the availability and use of high-quality, voluntary reproductive health and family planning services in the capital city and surrounding neighborhoods.

A mission statement for the training department of the MCH/Family Planning Division of an MOH might look something like this:

Example

Mission statement: To train health professionals and community workers throughout the country to provide basic and high-quality MCH and family planning services.


2. Analyzing the External Environment

The next step is to analyze the external environment as it relates to your organization's mission, which is defined in the mission statement. An environmental analysis involves the study of four areas that may affect the performance of your organization's programs. When conducting an environmental analysis, you will probably consider factors such as those listed in Elements of an Environmental Analysis, choosing only the categories that are relevant to your particular program (and maybe adding others not listed).

There are three main activities in an environmental analysis:

  • Collection of data from written sources;
  • Interviews with managers in key institutions in the family planning field (ministry, major donors, private voluntary organizations);
  • Summary of main findings in a document that is distributed to the planning team at least one week before the planning meetings.

Tools and Techniques - Elements of an Environmental Analysis

How to ...

Find and use data to analyze the external environment

DataUseSource
Demographic and health indicatorsDetermine population profile, that is: population size of area; size of target group(s); health status of target group(s); attitudes about health and preventative health measures.Census data from Ministry of (Economic) Planning. When available, refer to: civil registration system; Demographic and Health Surveys; World Fertility Surveys (WFS); epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infertility, teenage pregnancies, abortion, breastfeeding practices.
Socio-economic informationDetermine: source of income; income fluctuations; social and ethnic affiliations; religious affiliations; authority structure within the family and the community; means of communication and transportation; accessibility of regions, status of women.Household surveys; socio-economic indicators from Ministry of Economic Affairs; sociological and anthropological studies; interviews and community surveys; geological maps; universities; and international organizations.
Family planning informationDetermine: current knowledge and use of modern and traditional methods; method preference and problems; attitudes on family limitation and child spacing; indicators of expressed or latent need for family planning; attitudes of men, community leaders, and school authorities.Contraceptive prevalence surveys; Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) surveys (check with the Ministry of Health, national family planning organizations); family planning services statistics; contraceptive distribution statistics from service facilities or from regional or central warehouses; operations research reports; epidemiological studies on breastfeeding practices and method side effects; statistics on STDs (including AIDS) and abortions; client interviews and observations; focus group research; annual reports from family planning organizations, project, or programs.
Existing plans in population and health sectorDetermine goals and objectives of similar or related programs, organizations, projects. Ensure compatibility of program goals and objectives with broader development goals and objectives.National five-year plan; Ministry of Health plan; population plan where available; regional health and population plans; local (district) plans; plans from private sector agencies working in the population field; related program and project plans; country strategies of donors; interviews with staff of major donors and family planning providers.
Policies and regulationsDetermine obstacles to and opportunities provided by various service delivery strategies.Ministry of Health regulations; population policy and regulations where available, such as those relating to paramedical personnel or to the importation of contraceptives.

End of How to ...



Glossary
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